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Main positions:Director, High Performance Computing Platform, PKU
Degree:Doctoral degree
Status:Employed
School/Department:Institute of Theoretical Physics

Lei Yian

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Education Level: Postgraduate (Doctoral)

Administrative Position: Associate Professor

Alma Mater: Peking University

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The Patchwork of Grand Unification vs. Intrinsic Unity
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Here is an **accurate and polished English translation** of your text, with attention to both **scientific terminology** and **philosophical nuances**: --- ### **The Patchwork of Grand Unification vs. Intrinsic Unity** From the perspective of high-energy physics, the observed convergence of coupling constants in the Standard Model at high energy scales strongly suggests that the different fundamental interactions may share a unified ontological origin at a deeper level. Whether via the naïve gauge group assembly \( SU(3) \times SU(2) \times U(1) \), or through the running and convergence of couplings in various Grand Unified Theories (GUTs), the spectral and renormalization structures indicate that: > The so-called strong, weak, and electromagnetic forces are likely not fundamentally independent in the ultraviolet limit,   > but rather emergent, energy-scale-dependent manifestations of a more elementary unified structure whose symmetry is broken in different ways at lower energies. However, from the **scientific realist standpoint of Natural Quantum Theory (NQT)**, the idea of “unified theories” as formulated within the current Standard Model framework remains **a patchwork**, not a genuinely intrinsic unification. - The gauge group is **artificially assembled as a direct product**:    \[  SU(3) \times SU(2) \times U(1)  \]    represents, in essence, **three parallel gauge structures externally juxtaposed**. - Each sector has **independent gauge fields, charges, and coupling constants**, held together by parameter fitting and a symmetry-breaking scheme. - Mathematically, this setup is elegant, yet **ontologically**, it resembles a **coherent phenomenological catalog** more than an inevitable consequence of a single, unified field ontology. ### **"Unification" Appears Mainly at the Level of Energy-Scale Behavior (Renormalization)** - The so-called **"unification point"** usually refers to **a specific high-energy scale** where several couplings **numerically converge**. - This is a kind of unification in **parameter space**, not in the **underlying field structure or topology**. - In other words, we observe that "some parameters used to describe the forces become similar at high energy", but we do **not** observe that “three forces naturally arise from a single fundamental field entity.” ### **Gauge Fields, Fermionic Content, and Mass Spectra Depend Heavily on Free Parameters and Symmetry-Breaking Schemes** - The **structure of fermion families**, their **mass spectra**, **mixing angles**, **CP violation**, and other features are introduced via a large number of **ad hoc free parameters** and **constructed symmetry mechanisms**. - This leaves the theory appearing more like a **high-precision empirical formula augmented by symmetry blocks**, rather than a *necessary spectral structure descending from a unified field ontology*. --- From the standpoint of **Natural Quantum Theory**, this state of **“high-energy unification with structural patchwork”** precisely indicates that: > While the Standard Model exhibits signs of convergence and unification at the level of **parameters and spectra**,   > it remains, at an **ontological level**, a kind of engineered construction—a multi-gauge, multi-field, multi-parameter framework—   > and **lacks** a truly intrinsic, unified field ontology. --- ### **This Highlights a Clear Direction for NQT and Unified Field Theory** The goal is not to **further extend the existing mosaic of gauge groups** with even more symmetry breaking and parameter tuning. Instead, it is to search for a **more fundamental ontological framework**, constructed from: - **Continuous fields** - **Local topological structures** In such a framework: - Strong, weak, electromagnetic, and even gravitational interactions all emerge as **different topological phases or symmetry manifestations** of the *same unified field entity*, under different energy scales and boundary/topological conditions. This would make "unification" no longer a **numerical coincidence** (where coupling constants “just happen” to converge at high energies),   but an **inevitable consequence** of a **shared field ontology**—   where the **spectral structures** observed at low energies (particle families and forces) are merely **natural splits** of a **single unified field mode** under varying physical constraints and phase conditions. --- Let me know if you'd like this adapted for an academic publication or rewritten for general audiences.Here is an **accurate and polished English translation** of your text, with attention to both **scientific terminology** and **philosophical nuances**: --- ### **The Patchwork of Grand Unification vs. Intrinsic Unity** From the perspective of high-energy physics, the observed convergence of coupling constants in the Standard Model at high energy scales strongly suggests that the different fundamental interactions may share a unified ontological origin at a deeper level. Whether via the naïve gauge group assembly \( SU(3) \times SU(2) \times U(1) \), or through the running and convergence of couplings in various Grand Unified Theories (GUTs), the spectral and renormalization structures indicate that: > The so-called strong, weak, and electromagnetic forces are likely not fundamentally independent in the ultraviolet limit,   > but rather emergent, energy-scale-dependent manifestations of a more elementary unified structure whose symmetry is broken in different ways at lower energies. However, from the **scientific realist standpoint of Natural Quantum Theory (NQT)**, the idea of “unified theories” as formulated within the current Standard Model framework remains **a patchwork**, not a genuinely intrinsic unification. - The gauge group is **artificially assembled as a direct product**:    \[  SU(3) \times SU(2) \times U(1)  \]    represents, in essence, **three parallel gauge structures externally juxtaposed**. - Each sector has **independent gauge fields, charges, and coupling constants**, held together by parameter fitting and a symmetry-breaking scheme. - Mathematically, this setup is elegant, yet **ontologically**, it resembles a **coherent phenomenological catalog** more than an inevitable consequence of a single, unified field ontology. ### **"Unification" Appears Mainly at the Level of Energy-Scale Behavior (Renormalization)** - The so-called **"unification point"** usually refers to **a specific high-energy scale** where several couplings **numerically converge**. - This is a kind of unification in **parameter space**, not in the **underlying field structure or topology**. - In other words, we observe that "some parameters used to describe the forces become similar at high energy", but we do **not** observe that “three forces naturally arise from a single fundamental field entity.” ### **Gauge Fields, Fermionic Content, and Mass Spectra Depend Heavily on Free Parameters and Symmetry-Breaking Schemes** - The **structure of fermion families**, their **mass spectra**, **mixing angles**, **CP violation**, and other features are introduced via a large number of **ad hoc free parameters** and **constructed symmetry mechanisms**. - This leaves the theory appearing more like a **high-precision empirical formula augmented by symmetry blocks**, rather than a *necessary spectral structure descending from a unified field ontology*. --- From the standpoint of **Natural Quantum Theory**, this state of **“high-energy unification with structural patchwork”** precisely indicates that: > While the Standard Model exhibits signs of convergence and unification at the level of **parameters and spectra**,   > it remains, at an **ontological level**, a kind of engineered construction—a multi-gauge, multi-field, multi-parameter framework—   > and **lacks** a truly intrinsic, unified field ontology. --- ### **This Highlights a Clear Direction for NQT and Unified Field Theory** The goal is not to **further extend the existing mosaic of gauge groups** with even more symmetry breaking and parameter tuning. Instead, it is to search for a **more fundamental ontological framework**, constructed from: - **Continuous fields** - **Local topological structures** In such a framework: - Strong, weak, electromagnetic, and even gravitational interactions all emerge as **different topological phases or symmetry manifestations** of the *same unified field entity*, under different energy scales and boundary/topological conditions. This would make "unification" no longer a **numerical coincidence** (where coupling constants “just happen” to converge at high energies),   but an **inevitable consequence** of a **shared field ontology**—   where the **spectral structures** observed at low energies (particle families and forces) are merely **natural splits** of a **single unified field mode** under varying physical constraints and phase conditions. --- Let me know if you'd like this adapted for an academic publication or rewritten for general audiences.

The Patchwork of Grand Unification vs. Intrinsic Unity

From the perspective of high-energy physics, the observed convergence of coupling constants in the Standard Model at high energy scales strongly suggests that the different fundamental interactions may share a unified ontological origin at a deeper level. Whether via the naïve gauge group assembly SU(3)×SU(2)×U(1), or through the running and convergence of couplings in various Grand Unified Theories (GUTs), the spectral and renormalization structures indicate that:

The so-called strong, weak, and electromagnetic forces are likely not fundamentally independent in the ultraviolet limit,
but rather emergent, energy-scale-dependent manifestations of a more elementary unified structure whose symmetry is broken in different ways at lower energies.

However, from the scientific realist standpoint of Natural Quantum Theory (NQT), the idea of “unified theories” as formulated within the current Standard Model framework remains a patchwork, not a genuinely intrinsic unification.

  • The gauge group is artificially assembled as a direct product:

    SU(3)×SU(2)×U(1)

    represents, in essence, three parallel gauge structures externally juxtaposed.

  • Each sector has independent gauge fields, charges, and coupling constants, held together by parameter fitting and a symmetry-breaking scheme.

  • Mathematically, this setup is elegant, yet ontologically, it resembles a coherent phenomenological catalog more than an inevitable consequence of a single, unified field ontology.

"Unification" Appears Mainly at the Level of Energy-Scale Behavior (Renormalization)

  • The so-called "unification point" usually refers to a specific high-energy scale where several couplings numerically converge.

  • This is a kind of unification in parameter space, not in the underlying field structure or topology.

  • In other words, we observe that "some parameters used to describe the forces become similar at high energy", but we do not observe that “three forces naturally arise from a single fundamental field entity.”

Gauge Fields, Fermionic Content, and Mass Spectra Depend Heavily on Free Parameters and Symmetry-Breaking Schemes

  • The structure of fermion families, their mass spectra, mixing angles, CP violation, and other features are introduced via a large number of ad hoc free parameters and constructed symmetry mechanisms.

  • This leaves the theory appearing more like a high-precision empirical formula augmented by symmetry blocks, rather than a necessary spectral structure descending from a unified field ontology.

From the standpoint of Natural Quantum Theory, this state of “high-energy unification with structural patchwork” precisely indicates that:

While the Standard Model exhibits signs of convergence and unification at the level of parameters and spectra,
it remains, at an ontological level, a kind of engineered construction—a multi-gauge, multi-field, multi-parameter framework—
and lacks a truly intrinsic, unified field ontology.

This Highlights a Clear Direction for NQT and Unified Field Theory

The goal is not to further extend the existing mosaic of gauge groups with even more symmetry breaking and parameter tuning.

Instead, it is to search for a more fundamental ontological framework, constructed from:

  • Continuous fields

  • Local topological structures

In such a framework:

  • Strong, weak, electromagnetic, and even gravitational interactions all emerge as different topological phases or symmetry manifestations of the same unified field entity, under different energy scales and boundary/topological conditions.

This would make "unification" no longer a numerical coincidence (where coupling constants “just happen” to converge at high energies),
but an inevitable consequence of a shared field ontology
where the spectral structures observed at low energies (particle families and forces) are merely natural splits of a single unified field mode under varying physical constraints and phase conditions.