一、基于循环肿瘤细胞/肿瘤干细胞的癌症早期诊断和治疗;
二、肿瘤放射免疫成像和治疗;
三、体内30 nm染色质结构解析与辐射生物物理模型。
一、基于循环肿瘤细胞/肿瘤干细胞的癌症早期诊断和治疗;
癌症是当前人类亟待解决的重大科学难题和社会问题。临床90%以上癌症病人死亡的原因是癌细胞的转移(Science 1559: 331, 2011)。其核心物质基础是循环肿瘤细胞(Circulating Tumor cells, CTC)及其集群(CTC cluster)的存在(Cell 176: 98, 2019)。因此,阻断、捕获和靶向CTC被认为是实现癌症早期诊断和转移后治疗的根本途径(Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology 16: 409, 2019)。
肿瘤的放射抗性和复发转移均与耐辐射肿瘤干细胞的存在密切相关。肿瘤干细胞(cancer stem-like cells, CSCs)是指肿瘤组织中一小部分具有自我更新能力和分化产生多种子代肿瘤细胞能力的细胞。2012年8月,肿瘤干细胞分别在体内皮肤癌、肠癌和脑癌中被追踪到(Nature 488: 522,2012;Science 337: 730, 2012)。同期Nature评论文章认为:这些研究证明肿瘤干细胞驱动了肿瘤的生长,为肿瘤干细胞在体内的存在提供了清晰直接的证据,表明治疗癌症可能需要彻底杀死这些细胞(Nature 488: 13, 2012)。单细胞测序研究发现,乳腺癌中CSC约占CTC的20.7%且起始了肿瘤的远端转移(Nature 526: 131, 2015)。
2010年本课题组开始专注耐受放化疗和高转移潜力的肿瘤(干)细胞研究。经过10年来的研究积累和广泛合作,课题组在CSC、CTC捕获/靶向等方向积累了较为独特的研究体系,与其他课题组和多家医院建立了合作,目前有4项临床合作研究,涉及癌症早筛诊断、治疗疗效监测和患者预后等研究方向。
组内已发表的相关代表研究论文:
Chunyang Lu, Jintao Han, Xiaoyi Sun, and Gen Yang*.Electrochemical detection and Point-of-Care testing for circulating tumor cells. Sensors 20, 6073; doi:10.3390/s20216073, 2020.
Chunyang Lu, Jian Xu, Jintao Han, Xiao Li, Ningtao Xue, Jinsong Li, Wenhua Wu, Xinlei Sun, Yugang Wang, Qi Ouyang, Gen Yang*, Chunxiong Luo*. A novel microfluidic device integrating focus-separation speed reduction design and capture arrays for high-throughput capture of circulating tumor cells from whole blood. Lab on Chip, DOI: 10.1039/D0LC00631A, 2020 (Cover)
Quan, Qianghua; Wang, Xudong; Lu, Chunyang; Ma, Wenzong; Wang, Yugang; Xia, Guoliang; Wang, Chao*; Yang, Gen*. Cancer stem-like cells with hybrid epithelial/mesenchymal phenotype leading the collective invasion. Cancer Science 111: 467-476, 2020. (Cover)
Jian Xu, Xudong Wang, Xiao Li, Gen Yang*, Chunxiong Luo*. High-throughput cell migration assay under combinatorial chemical environments by a novel 24-well-plate based device. Biomedical Microdevices 22: 40-47, 2020.
Qianghua Quan, Xudong Wang, Chunyang Lu, Wenzong Ma, Jintao Han, Guoliang Xia, Gen Yang*, Chao Wang*, Association of extracellular matrix microarchitecture and three-dimensional collective invasion of cancer cells. Biotechnic & Histochemistry 95(8): 605-612, 2020.
Qianghua Quan, Shuwen Zhang, Xudong Wang, Qi Ouyang, Yugang Wang, Gen Yang*, Chunxiong Luo*. A parallel and quantitative cell migration assay using a novel multi-well-based device. Biomedical Microdevices 18(6): 1-8; 2016.
Yu Liu, Alisa Kobayashi, Qibin Fu, Gen Yang*, Teruaki Konishi*, Yukio Uchihori, Tom K. Hei, Yugang Wang. Rescue of Targeted Non stem-Like Cells from Bystander Stem-Like Cells in Human Fibrosarcoma HT1080. Radiation Research 184, 334-340; 2015.
Ying Liang, Qibin Fu, Weikang Wang, Yu Liu, Feng Liu, Gen Yang*, Yugang Wang. An integrated on-line irradiation and in situ live cell imaging system. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B 358: 26-31; 2015.
Yu Liu, Alisa Kobayashi, Takeshi Maeda, Qibin Fu, Masakazu Oikawa, Gen Yang*, Teruaki Konishi*, Yukio Uchihori, Tom K. Hei, Yugang Wang. Target irradiation induced bystander effects between stem-like and non stem-like cancer cells. Mutation Research 773: 43-47; 2015.
Qibin Fu, Yi Quan, Weikang Wang, Tao Mei, Jingwen Wu, Jia Li, Gen Yang*, Xiaotang Ren, Jianming Xue, Yugang Wang, Response of cancer stem-like cells and non-stem cancer cells to proton and γ-ray irradiation. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B 286: 346-50; 2012.
Yi Quan, Qibin Fu, Tao Mei, Jingwen Wu, Jia Li, Gen Yang*, Yugang Wang, Accumulation efficiency of cancer stem-like cells post γ-ray and proton irradiation. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B 286: 341-5; 2012.
Gen Yang, Yi Quan, Weikang Wang, Qibin Fu, Jingwen Wu, Tao Mei, Jia Li, Yubo Tang, Chunxiong Luo, Qi Ouyang, Shaopeng Chen, Lijun Wu, Tom K. Hei, and Yugang Wang, Dynamic equilibrium between cancer stem cells and non-stem cancer cells in human SW620 and MCF-7 cancer cell populations. British Journal of Cancer 106: 1512-9; 2012.
二、肿瘤放射免疫成像和治疗;
胰腺癌是临床致死性最高的恶性肿瘤之一,过去十年来其发病率在我国逐年升高(CA: a Cancer Journal for Clinicians 66(2):115, 2016)。由于胰腺癌早期生长隐蔽并伴随浸润和转移,超过85%的患者在确诊后就失去了手术机会,其他的患者就算能进行手术,其复发率也非常高,预后极差。胰腺癌患者的5年生存率小于5%,平均中位生存期约为5-6个月。在2005-2015的十年间,美国临床统计表明患者的5年生存期几乎没有提高(Nature Reviews Cancer 16: 201, 2016)。
间皮素(Mesothelin, MSLN)是一种糖磷脂酰肌醇连接的细胞表面糖蛋白。大量的研究表明,MSLN在正常组织中的表达仅局限在胸膜、心包膜和腹膜中,但在多种肿瘤中高表达,特别是在胰腺癌(80%-85%)、恶性间皮瘤(85%-90%)、卵巢上皮癌(60%-65%)、肺癌(60%-65%)和三阴性乳腺癌(66%)中高表达( Cancer Discovery 6(2):133, 2016)。因此,MSLN是国际上公认的多种肿瘤(胰腺癌、肺腺癌、卵巢癌、三阴性乳腺癌和间皮癌)诊断和治疗的优异靶点。
通过在特异性靶向MSLN抗体上标记Cu-64/I-124/I-131/At-211等成像、治疗或诊疗一体化核素,我们与北京肿瘤医院和四川大学等单位课题组合作,开发广谱性的肿瘤高特异性显像新型PET探针和新型治疗、诊疗一体化ADC药物。
组内已发表的相关代表研究论文:
Xudong Wang, Wenzong Ma, Weihao Liu, Huan Ma, Yuanyou Yang, Yugang Wang, Ning Liu and Gen Yang*.Construction and Preclinical Evaluation of 211At Labeled Anti-mesothelin Antibodies as Potential Targeted Alpha Therapy Drugs. Journal of Radiation Research DOI:10.1093/jrr/rraa049, 2020.
Xudong Wang, Feng Wang, Jintao Han, Zhi Yang, Hua Zhu* and Gen Yang*. Construction and Preclinical Evaluation of a 124/131 I‑Labeled Radiotracer for the Detection of Mesothelin-Overexpressing Cancer. Molecular Pharmaceutics 17, 1875-1883, 2020 (Cover Story)
Wenzong Ma, Xudong Wang, Weihao Liu, Huan Ma, Yue Su, Yuanyou Yang, Ning Liu, Yugang Wang and Gen Yang*. A Theoretical Model for Predicting and Optimizing in vitro Screening of Potential Targeted Alpha Therapy Drugs. Radiation Research 191: 475-482, 2019.
三、体内30 nm染色质结构解析与辐射生物物理模型。
30 nm染色质结构不仅是染色质包装过程中承上启下的关键,也在诸如发育、癌症等DNA相关的生理和病理活动中起了关键的调控功能(Cell 177: 1, 2019)。由于缺乏系统的、合适的研究手段,细胞内30 nm染色质高级结构一直是现代生物物理学和分子生物学领域面临的最大挑战之一。2014年,细胞外30 nm染色质结构由中国科学家李国红利用冷冻电镜首次得到了解析(Science 344: 376, 2014)。然而,解析细胞核内30 nm染色质纤维的精细结构,到目前为止仍然异常困难。
辐射瞬时诱导的DNA片段图谱包含有胞内细胞核30 nm结构的所有信息。因此,我们在已有多年研究辐射生物物理模型的基础上,通过和李国红老师课题组合作,着手建立基于实验和辐射生物物理模型的系统解析平台,解析细胞核内30 nm染色质结构在各种生理、病理尤其是癌症发生发展和治疗过程中的动态变化。
组内已发表的相关代表研究论文:
Wenzong Ma, Chenyang Gu, Lin Ma, Caoqi Fan, Chao Zhang, Yujie Sun, Cheng Li*, Gen Yang*, Mixed secondary chromatin structure revealed by modeling radiation-induced DNA fragment length distribution, Science China Life Sciences 63: 825-834, 2020.
Wenzong Ma, Xudong Wang, Weihao Liu, Huan Ma, Yue Su, Yuanyou Yang, Ning Liu, Yugang Wang and Gen Yang*. A Theoretical Model for Predicting and Optimizing in vitro Screening of Potential Targeted Alpha Therapy Drugs. Radiation Research 191: 475-482, 2019.
Ying Liang, Qibin Fu, Xudong Wang, Feng Liu, Gen Yang*, Chunxiong Luo, Qi Ouyang and Yugang Wang. Relative biological effectiveness for photons: implication of complex DNA double-strand breaks as critical lesions. Physics in Medicine and Biology 62(6): 2153-2175; 2017.