Xiaodong Song
Peking University Chair Professor
Students and young researchers with strong interests and motivations are encouraged to contact me at xdsong@pku.edu.cn for study and research (Ph.D., posttdoc, or other) opportunities.
Research Interests
My research focuses on seismology and studies of the Earth’s deep interior, including studies of structure and dynamics of the Earth’s core and lower most mantle, and lithosphere structure and tectonics of China and east Asia. The research relies primarily on seismic data analyses and seismic imaging with both forward modeling and tomographic inversion approaches. I’m interested in inter-disciplinary research and most of my research has been conducted in collaborations with talented students and collaborators.
Educational Background
University of Science and Technology of China, B.S., Geophysics, June 1986
California Institute of Technology, M.S., Geophysics, May 1991
California Institute of Technology, Ph.D., Geophysics with Computer Science Minor, May 1994
Employments and Affiliations
1994-1996 Postdoctoral Fellow, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University; also Visiting Investigator at Dept. of Terrestrial Magnetism, Carnegie Institute of Washington, USA
1996-1999 Storke-Doherty Lecturer, Dept. of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Columbia University; and Associate Research Scientist, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, USA
1999-2003 Assistant Professor (tenure-track), Dept. of Geology, Univ. of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
2003-2008 Associate Professor (with tenure), Dept. of Geology, Univ. of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
2008-2020 Professor (with tenure), Dept. of Geology, Univ. of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
2020-Present Peking University Chair Professor (with tenure), Beijing, China
Honors and Achievements
1989-1992 Sir Run Run Shaw (of Hong Kong) Graduate Fellowship, Caltech
1994-1996 Lamont-Doherty Postdoctoral Fellowship, Columbia U.
1996-1999 Storke-Doherty Lecturership, Columbia U.
1996 The work on the rotation of the Earth's inner core (Song and Richards, Nature, 1996) was named as a 1996 Break Through of the Year by SCIENCE magazine. It also won the 1996 Award for Science and Technology by PopularScience magazine.
1996 Doornbos Prize by the International Union of Geophysics and Geodesy committee on Studies of Earth Deep Interior (SEDI) for the work on inner core rotation.
1997 Science and Technology Agency (STA) Fellow, the Research Development Corporation of Japan
1998 Outstanding Overseas Young Scientist Award by the NSF of China
2000 Work on inner core rotation was named as one of most important science discoveries in the 20th century by DISCOVER magazine.
2005 Science paper by Zhang et al. was selected as DISCOVER's 100 Top Science Stories of the year.
2006-2007 Associate, Center for Advanced Study, UIUC
2010-2020 Distinguished Visiting Scholar in Nanjing U., Wuhan U., Peking U.
2016 Asia Oceania Geosciences Society (AOGS) Distinguished Lectureship
Associate Editor: Earth and Planetary Physics, Acta Geologica Sinica.
Guest (co-)Editor: Earthquake Science, Tectonophysics, Terrestrial, Atmospheric, and Oceanic Sciences.
Editorial Board Member: Progress in Natural Sciences, Earthquake Science (Seismo. Soc. China), Earth Science (J. China U. Geosci. and Springer).
Member and Chair, IRIS Global Seismic Network Standing Committee.
Associate Chair and Chair, International Professionals for the Advancement of Chinese Earth Sciences (IPACES) (www.ipaces.org).
Delegate to the U.S.-China Coordinating Meeting for Earthquake Studies (2007).
(Co-)Convener and (Co-)Chair, American Geophysical Union (AGU) (1998, 2000, 201, 2002, 2004, 2008, 2010).
Program Committee, AGU West Pacific Meeting (2006, 2010). Sino-US Earthquake Studies Workshop (2008).
Co-convener, Asia Oceania Geosciences Society (AOGS) (2016-2019).
Peer-Reviewed Publications
Selected papers
Earth’s core and core-mantle boundary
Yang, Y.+ and X.D. Song*, Origin of temporal changes of inner-core seismic waves, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., in press, 2020.
Wang, T.+, X.D. Song*, Xia H. Han, Equatorial anisotropy of Earth's inner inner core from autocorrelation of earthquake coda, Nature Geosci., 8 (3), 224-227, doi:10.1038/ngeo2354, 2015.
Sun, X.L.,+ X.D. Song*, S.H. Zheng, and D.V. Helmberger, Evidence for a chemical-thermal structure at base of mantle from sharp lateral P-wave variations beneath Central America, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 104 (1), 26-30, doi:10.1073/pnas.0609143103, 2007.
Song, X.D.*, and D.V. Helmberger, Seismological evidence for an inner core transition zone, Science, 282, 924-927, 1998.
Song, X.D.*, and P.G. Richards Seismological evidence for differential rotation of the Earth's inner core, Nature, 382, 221-224, 1996.
East Asia structure and earthquake studies
Li, J.T.+, X.D. Song*, Tearing of Indian mantle lithosphere from high-resolution seismic images: Implications for lithosphere deformation in southern Tibet. Proc. Natl. Aca. Sci. USA, DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1717258115, 2018.
Bao, X.W.+, X.D. Song*, J.T. Li, High-resolution lithospheric structure beneath Mainland China from ambient noise and earthquake surface-wave tomography, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 417, 132-141, DOI: 10.1016/j.epsl.2015.02.024, 2015.
Xu, Z.J.,+ and X.D. Song*, Temporal changes of surface wave velocity associated with major Sumatra earthquakes from ambient noise correlation, Proc. Natl. Aca. Sci. USA, 106, 14207-14212, 2009.
Zheng, S.H., X.L. Sun, X.D. Song*, Y.J. Yang, M.H. Ritzwoller, Surface wave tomography of China from ambient seismic noise correlation, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 9, Q05020, doi:10.1029/2008GC001981, 2008.
Liang, C.T.+, X.D. Song*, and J.L. Huang, Tomographic inversion of Pn travel-times in China, J. Geophys. Res., 109, B11304, doi:10.1029/2003JB0027 89, 2004.
Zhang, G.M, L.R. Zhu, X.D. Song*, Z.X. Li, M.L. Yang, N.Q. Su, and X.Z. Chen, Predictions of the 1997 strong earthquakes in Jiashi, Xinjiang, China, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 89, 1171-1183, 1999
Review papers
Song, X.D.* Differential Rotation of the Earth’s Inner Core, Encyclopedia of Solid Earth Geophysics, H. Gupta (Ed.), 118-121, 2014.
Song, X.D.*, Inner core anisotropy, in Encyclopedia of Geomagnetism and Paleomagnetism (D. Gubbins and E. Herroro-Bervera, Eds.), 418-420, Springer, 2007.
Song, X.D.*, Three-dimensional structure and differential rotation of the inner core, in Earth Core: Dynamics, Structure, Rotation (V.M. Dehant, K.C. Creager, S. Zatman, S. Karato, Eds.), Geodynamics Series, Vol. 31, American Geophysical Union, 2003.
Song, X.D.*, The Earth's core, International Handbook of Earthquake and Engineering Seismology, (W. H. K. Lee, H. Kanamori, P. C. Jennings, and C. Kisslinger, Eds.), Volume 1, Chapter 56, Academic Press, San Diego, 2002.
Song, X.D.*, Anisotropy of the Earth's inner core, Rev. of Geophysics, 35, 297-313, 1997.
Song, X.D.*, A review of Pn tomography of China, in Advances in Seismology and Physics of Earth's interior in China (Y.T. Chen and C.Y. Wang, Eds.), Seismology Press, Beijing, 321-345, 2004.
Full list of papers
+ Supervised student/postdoc contribution
* Corresponding author
§ Invited contribution
1. Song, X.D.*, and D.V. Helmberger, Velocity structure near the inner core boundary from waveform modeling, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 6573-6586, 1992.
2. Song, X.D.*, and D.V. Helmberger, E_ect of velocity structure in D” on PKP phases, Geophys. Res. Lett., 20, 285-288, 1993.
3. Song, X.D.*, and D.V. Helmberger, Anisotropy of the Earth's inner core, Geophys. Res. Lett., 20, 2591-2594, 1993.
4. Song, X.D.*, and D.V. Helmberger, A P-wave velocity model of the Earth's core, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 9817-9830, 1995.
5. Song, X.D.*, and D.V. Helmberger, Depth-dependence of inner core anisotropy, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 9805-9816, 1995.
6. Song, X.D.*, Anisotropy in the central part of the inner core, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 16,689-16,097, 1996.
7. Song, X.D.*, and P.G. Richards Seismological evidence for differential rotation of the Earth's inner core, Nature, 382, 221-224, 1996.
8. Song, X.D.*, and D.V. Helmberger, PKP differential travel times: Implications for three-dimensional lower mantle structure, Geophys. Res. Lett., 24, 1863-1866, 1997.
§ 9. Song, X.D.*, Anisotropy of the Earth's inner core, Rev. of Geophysics, 35, 297-313, 1997.
10. Richards, P.G., X.D. Song, A.Y. Li, Detecting Possible Rotation of Earth's Inner Core, Science, 282, 1227a, 1998.
11. Zhou, Y.Q. and X.D. Song, A review of the mantle dynamic system and its evolution (in Chinese), Earth Sci. Frontiers, 5, Suppl., 11-39, 1998.
§ 12. Song, X.D.*, The Earth's inner core and the dynamics of the Earth's deep interior (in Chinese), Earth Sci. Frontiers, 5, Suppl., 1-10, 1998.
13. Song, X.D.*, and D.V. Helmberger, Seismological evidence for an inner core transition zone, Science, 282, 924-927, 1998.
14. Zhang, G.M, L.R. Zhu, X.D. Song*, Z.X. Li, M.L. Yang, N.Q. Su, and X.Z. Chen, Predictions of the 1997 strong earthquakes in Jiashi, Xinjiang, China, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 89, 1171-1183, 1999
15. Song, X.D.*, and A.Y. Li+, Support for differential inner core superrotation from earthquakes in Alaska recorded at South Pole station, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 623-630, 2000.
16. Song, X.D.*, Joint inversion for inner core rotation, inner core anisotropy, and mantle heterogeneity, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 7931-7943, 2000.
17. Song, X.D.*, Time dependence of PKP(BC)-PKP(DF) times: Could this be an artifact of systematic earthquake mislocations? Phys. Earth Planet. Inter., 122, 221-228, 2000.
18. Song, X.D.*, Comment on “The existence of an inner core super-rotation questioned by teleseismic doublets” by Georges Poupinet, Annie Souriau, and Olivier Coutant, Phys. Earth Planet. Inter., 124, 269-273, 2001.
§ 19. Song, X.D.*, The Earth's core, International Handbook of Earthquake and Engineering Seismology, (W. H. K. Lee, H. Kanamori, P. C. Jennings, and C. Kisslinger, Eds.), Volume 1, Chapter 56, Academic Press, San Diego, 2002.
20. Song, X.D.*, and X.X. Xu, Inner core transition zone and anomalous PKP(DF) waveforms from polar paths, Geophys. Res. Lett., 29(4), 10.1029/2001GL013822, 2002.
§ 21. Song, X.D.*, and X.X. Xu, The Earth's Core (in Chinese), New Frontiers of Sciences: Structure Evolution and Dynamics of the Earth (Eds: Y.X. Zhang, A. Yin), Higher Education Press, Beijing, China, 2002. 宋晓东和许晓霞，地核-20世纪的发现及展望，地球的结构、演化和动力学，主编：张有学和尹安，高等教育出版社，第四章，2002.
22. Sun, X.L.+, and X.D. Song, PKP travel times at near antipodal distances: Implications for inner core anisotropy and lowermost mantle structure, Earth Plant. Sci. Lett., 199, 429-445, 2002.
§ 23. Song, X.D.*, Three-dimensional structure and differential rotation of the inner core, in Earth Core: Dynamics, Structure, Rotation (V.M. Dehant, K.C. Creager, S. Zatman, S. Karato, Eds.), Geodynamics Series, Vol. 31, American Geophysical Union, 2003.
24. Xu, X.X.+, and X.D. Song, Evidence for inner core super-rotation from time-dependent differential PKP travel times observed at Beijing Seismic Network, Geophys. J. Int., 152, 509-514, 2003.
25. Huang, J.L., X.D. Song, S.Y. Wang, Fine structure of Pn velocity beneath Sichuan-Yunnan region, Sci. China, Ser. D., 46 Suppl., 201-209, 2003.
26. Liang, C.T.+, X.D. Song, and J.L. Huang, Tomographic inversion of Pn travel-times in China, J. Geophys. Res., 109, B11304, doi:10.1029/2003JB0027 89, 2004.
27. Song, X.D.*, S.T. Li, Y.C. Li, S.H. Zheng, and X.N. Xie, Structure of lithospheric mantle and its implications for major basins in China (in Chinese), Earth Sci.-J. China Univ. Geosci., 29(5), 531-5 38, 2004.
28. Song, X.D., A review of Pn tomography of China, in Advances in Seismology and Physics of Earth's interior in China (Y.T. Chen and C.Y. Wang, Eds.), Seismology Press, Beijing, 321-345, 2004.
29. Zhang, J.(^), X.D. Song (^*), Y.C. Li, P.G. Richards, X.L. Sun, F. Waldhauser, Inner core differential motion confirmed by earthquake doublet waveform doublets, Science, 309, 1357-1360, doi:10.1126/science.1113193, 2005. (^ equal contribution)
30. Sun, X.L.+, G. Poupinet (^), and X.D. Song (^), Examination of systematic mislocation of South Sandwich Islands Earthquakes using station pairs: Implications for inner core rotation, J. Geophys. Res., 111, B11305, doi:10.1029/2005JB004175, 2006. (^ alphabetic order)
31. Liang, C.T.+, and X.D. Song, A low velocity belt beneath northern and eastern Tibetan Plateau from Pn tomography, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L22306, doi:10.1029/2006GL027926, 2006.
§ 32. Song, X.D.*, Inner core anisotropy, in Encyclopedia of Geomagnetism and Paleomagnetism (D. Gubbins and E. Herroro-Bervera, Eds.), 418-420, Springer, 2007.
33. Zheng, S.H., X.L. Sun, and X.D. Song, Fine structure in lowermost mantle beneath Central Pacific from PKP waves recorded at China Sesmic Network, Chinese J. Geophys., 50(1), 183-191, 2007.
34. Sun, X.L.,+ X.D. Song, S.H. Zheng, and D.V. Helmberger, Evidence for a chemical-thermal structure at base of mantle from sharp lateral P-wave variations beneath Central America, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 104 (1), 26-30, doi:10.1073/pnas.0609143103, 2007.
35. Sun, D.Y., D.V. Helmberger, X.D. Song, S.P. Grand, Predicting a global perovskite and postperovskite phase boundary, in Post-Perovskite: The Last Mantle Phase Transition (K. Hirose, J. Brodholt, T. Lay, D. Yuen, Eds.), Geophys. Monogr. Ser., Vol. 174, American Geophysical Union, 2007.
36. Song, X.D.*, G. Poupinet, Inner core rotation from event-pair analysis, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2007.06.034, 2007.
37. Sun, X.L.,+ and X.D. Song, Tomographic inversion for three-dimensional anisotropy of Earth's inner core, Phys. Earth. Planet. Inter., 167, 53-70, doi:10.1016/j.pepi.2008.02.011, 2008.
38. Sun, X.L.+, and X.D. Song, The inner inner core of the Earth: Texturing of iron crystals from three-dimensional seismic anisotropy, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 56-65, doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2008.01.049, 2008.
39. Dai, W.,+ and X.D. Song*, Detection of motion and heterogeneity in Earth's liquid outer core, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L16311, doi:10.1029/2008GL034895, 2008.
40. Song, X.D.*, and W. Dai, Topography of Earth's inner core boundary from high-quality waveform doublets, Geophys. J. Int., 175, 386-399, doi: 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2008.03909.x, 2008.
41. Zheng, S.H., X.L. Sun, X.D. Song*, Y.J. Yang, M.H. Ritzwoller, Surface wave tomography of China from ambient seismic noise correlation, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 9, Q05020, doi:10.1029/2008GC001981, 2008.
42. Xu, Z.J.,+ and X.D. Song, Temporal changes of surface wave velocity associated with major Sumatra earthquakes from ambient noise correlation, Proc. Natl. Aca. Sci. USA, 106, 14207-14212, 2009.
43. Xu, Z.J.+, and X.D. Song, Joint inversion for crustal and Pn velocities and Moho depth for eastern margin of Tibetan Plateau, Tectonophysics, 491, 185-193, 2010.
44. Lindner, D.+, X.D. Song*, and P. Ma, New insights into the inner-core rotation and its variability, J. Geophys. Res., 115, doi:10.1029/2009JB006294, 2010.
45. Sun, X.L.+, X.D. Song*, S.H. Zheng, Y.J. Yang, and M.H. Ritzwoller, Three dimensional shear wave velocity structure of the crust and upper mantle beneath China from ambient noise surface wave tomography, Earthq. Sci., 23, 449-463, Doi: 10.1007/s11589-010-0744-4, 2010.
46. Song, X.D.*, Preface to the special issue on ambient noise seismology, Earthq. Sci., 23, 395-396, Doi: 10.1007/s11589-010-0744-4, 2010.
47. Li, H.Y., S.T. Li, X.D. Song, M. Gong, X. Li, J. Jia, Crustal and uppermost mantle velocity structure beneath northwestern China from seismic ambient noise tomography, Geophys. J. Int. 188, 131-143 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2011.05205.x, 2012.
48. Bao, X.W.+, X.D. Song*, M.J. Xu, et al., Crust and upper mantle structure of the North China Craton and the NE Tibetan Plateau and its tectonic implications, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 369-370, 129-137, 2013.
49. Xu, Z.J.+, X.D. Song*, L.P. Zhu, Joint inversion of receiver function and surface wave dispersion using Neighborhood Algorithm: An application to Hi-Climb linear array in Tibetan Plateau, Tectonophys., 584, 209-220, 2013.
50. Huang, H.H.+, Z.J. Xu, Y.M. Wu, X.D. Song*, B.S. Huang, N.L. Minh, First Local Seismic Tomography for Red River Shear Zone, Northern Vietnam: Stepwise Inversion Employing Crustal P and Pn Waves, Tectonophys, 584, 230-239, 2013.
51. Xu, Z.J.+, X.D. Song*, S.H. Zheng, Shear velocity structure of crust and upper mantle in China from surface wave tomography using ambient noise and earthquake data, Earthq. Sci., 26(5):267-281, doi:10.1007/s11589-013-0010-7, 2013.
52. Wang, T.,+ J. Revenaugh, and X.D. Song*, Two-dimensional/three-dimensial waveform modeling of subdcuting slab and transition zone beneath Northeast Asia, J. Geophys., Res., Solid Earth, 119, 4766–4786, doi:10.1002/2014JB011058, 2014.
53. Sun, X.+, X. Bao, M. Xu,D.W. Eaton, X.D. Song, L. Wang, Z. Ding, N. Mi, D. Yu, and H. Li (2014), Crustal structure beneath SE Tibet from joint analysis of receiver functions and Rayleigh wave dispersion, Geophys. Res. Lett., 41, 1479–1484, doi:10.1002/2014GL059269, 2014.
54. A Perttu, D Christensen, G Abers, X Song, Insights into mantle structure and flow beneath Alaska based on a decade of observations of shear wave splitting, J. Geophys. Res., 119 (11), 8366-8377, 2014.
§ 55. Song, X.D.* Differential Rotation of the Earth’s Inner Core, Encyclopedia of Solid Earth Geophysics, H. Gupta (Ed.), 118-121, 2014.
56. HH Huang+, YM Wu, X Song, CH Chang, SJ Lee, TM Chang, HH Hsieh, Joint Vp and Vs tomography of Taiwan: Implications for subduction-collision orogeny, Earth and Planet. Sci. Lett. 392, 177-191, 2014.
57. HH Huang+, YM Wu, X Song, CH Chang, H Kuo‐Chen, SJ Lee, Investigating the lithospheric velocity structures beneath the Taiwan region by nonlinear joint inversion of local and teleseismic P wave data: Slab continuity and deflection, Geophys. Res. Lett. 41 (18), 6350-6357, 2014.
58. 宋晓东*， 李江涛， 鲍学伟， 李思田， 王良书， 任建业， 中国西部大型盆地的深部结构及对盆地形成和演化的意义，地学前缘，22（1），127-137 2015. Song, X., Li, J., Bao, X., Li, S.c Wang, L., Ren, J. Deep structure of major basins in Western China and implications for basin formation and evolution (in Chinese). Earth Science Frontiers 22 (1), 127-137, 2015.
59. Wang, T.+, X.D. Song*, Xia H. Han, Equatorial anisotropy of Earth's inner inner core from autocorrelation of earthquake coda, Nature Geosci., 8 (3), 224-227, doi:10.1038/ngeo2354, 2015.
60. Bao, X,W.+ X Sun, M Xu, DW Eaton, X Song, L Wang, Z Ding, N Mi, H Li, D Yu, Z Huang, P Wang. Two crustal low-velocity channels beneath SE Tibet revealed by joint inversion of Rayleigh wave dispersion and receiver functions, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 415, 16-24, 2015.
61. Bao, X.W.+, X.D. Song*, J.T. Li, High-resolution lithospheric structure beneath Mainland China from ambient noise and earthquake surface-wave tomography, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 417, 132-141, DOI: 10.1016/j.epsl.2015.02.024, 2015.
62. Xin, D., Song, X.*, Wang, T. Localized temporal variation of Earth’s inner-core boundary from high-quality waveform doublets. Earthquake Science 28 (3), 175-185, 2015.
63. Du, X., Song, X., Zhang, M., Lu, Y., Chen, P., Liu, Z., Yang, S. Shale gas potential of the Lower Permian Gufeng Formation in the western area of the Lower Yangtze Platform, China. Marine and Petroleum Geology 67, 526-543, 2015.
64. 王涛、宋晓东*、夏晗, 地球“内内核”的近赤道面各向异性, 世界地震译丛, 2015年第5-6期doi:10.16738/j.cnki.issn.1003-3238.2015Z1002, 2015.
65. Xia, H.H., X.D. Song*, and T. Wang, Extraction of triplicated PKP phases from noise correlations, Geophys. J. Int. 205, 499–508 doi: 10.1093/gji/ggw015, 2016.
66. 宋晓东*, 地球内核内的核, 中国科学院2016科学发展报告(2015年中国科研代表性成果)
67. Li, X.+, X. Song*, and J. Li (2017), Pn tomography of South China Sea, Taiwan Island, Philippine archipelago, and adjacent regions, J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth, 122, doi:10.1002/2016JB013787, 2017.
68. Wang, T.*, X. Song* Support for equatorial anisotropy of Earth’s inner-inner core from seismic interferometry at low latitudes. Phys. Earth Planet. In. (2017), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pepi.2017.03.004
69. Ye, Z.++, Li, J.T.+, Gao, R.++, Song, X.D., Li, Q., Li, Y., … Li, W. (2017). Crustal and uppermost mantle structure across the Tibet-Qinling transition zone in NE Tibet: Implications for material extrusion beneath the Tibetan Plateau. Geophysical Research Letters, 44, 10,316–10,323. https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GL075141.
70. Wang Q.+, X.D. Song*, J. Y. Ren (2017), Ambient noise surface wave tomography of marginal seas in east Asia, Earth Planet. Phys., 1, 13-25, doi: 10.26464/epp2017003.
71. Li, J.T.+, Song, X.D.*, Zhu, L., & Deng, Y. (2017). Joint Inversion of Surface Wave Dispersions and Receiver Functions with P Velocity Constraints: Application to Southeastern Tibet. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 122(9), 7291-7310.
72. Deng, Y.F.++*, Li, J.T.*, Song, X.D.*, Zhu, L.P. Joint inversion for lithospheric structures: Implications for the growth and deformation in Northeastern Tibetan Plateau. Geophys. Res. Lett., https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GL077486, 2018.
73. Li, H.++, Song, X.D., Lü, Q., Yang, X., Deng, Y., Ouyang, L., et al. (2018). Seismic imaging of lithosphere structure and upper mantle deformation beneath east-central China and their tectonic implications. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 123. https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JB014992.
74. Li, J.T.+, X.D. Song*, Tearing of Indian mantle lithosphere from high-resolution seismic images: Implications for lithosphere deformation in southern Tibet. Proc. Natl. Aca. Sci. USA, DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1717258115, 2018.
75. Li, M., Song, X., Li, J. & Bao, X., 2018. Lithospheric structures of the Main Basins in Mainland China and its tectonic implications, Earth Science (in Chinese), 43, 10, p. 3362-3372, doi:10.3799/dqkx.2018.286.
76. Zheng, C., Ding, Z. & Song, X., 2018. Joint inversion of surface wave dispersion and receiver functions for crustal and uppermost mantle structure beneath the north-south seismic zone, Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese), 61, 4, p.122-1224, doi:10.6038/cjg2018L0443.
77. C Hwang, WB Shen, CK Shum, X Song, Introduction to the special issue on Tibet: Contemporary geodeticgeophysical observations and interpretations, TERRESTRIAL ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC SCIENCES 30, 1-5, 2019.
78. Y Deng++, J Li+, X Song, H Li, T Xu, The lithosphericscale deformation in NE Tibet from joint inversion of receiver function and surface wave dispersion, Terrestrial, Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences 30 (1), 127-137, 2019.
79. Li, J.+, Song, X.*, Wang, P., & Zhu, L. (2019). A generalized H‐κ method with harmonic corrections on Ps and its crustal multiples in receiver functions. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 124. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JB016356.
80. L Chen++, X Song, TV Gerya, T Xu, Y Chen, Crustal melting beneath orogenic plateaus: Insights from 3D Thermomechanical modeling, Tectonophysics 761, 1-15, 2019.
81. Y Deng++, J Li, T Peng, Q Ma, X Song, X Sun, Y Shen, W Fan, Lithospheric structure in the Cathaysia block (South China) and its implicationfor the Late Mesozoic magmatism, Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors 291, 24-34, 2019.
82. ZG Yang, XD Song*, Ambient noise Love wave tomography of China, Earth and Planetary Physics 3 (3), 218-231, 2019.
83. WS Wang, XD Song*, Analyses of anomalous amplitudes of antipodal PKIIKP waves, Earth and Planetary Physics 3 (3), 212-217, 2019.
84. Du X‐B, Chen P, Lu Y, Song X. Dual‐ system tract pattern: Significance for foreland basin reservoir prediction (Jurassic, Central Junggar Basin, West China). Geological Journal. 2019;1–13. https://doi.org/10.1002/gj.3557.
85. Du X‐B, Lu Y‐C, Chen P, Li X‐Q, Song X‐D. The Lower Yangtze area: A next shale gas block for China? Preliminary potential assessment from some geology and organic geochemistry information. Geological Journal. 2019;1–22. https://doi.org/10.1002/gj.3585.
86. Zhang, G., X. Li, C. Zheng, X.D. Song*, Crustal and uppermost mantle velocity structure beneath the central-eastern Tibetan Plateau from P-wave tomography（青藏高原中东部地壳和上地幔P波层析成像） Acta Seismologica Sinica, 41(4), 411-424. https://doi.org/10.11939/jass.20190003.
87.Li, J.+*, R.L. Weaver, J.Y. Yoritomo, X.D. Song*, Application of temporal reweighting to ambient noise cross-correlation for improved seismic Green’s function, Geophys. J. Int. (2020) 221, 265–272 doi: 10.1093/gji/ggaa001.
88. Zhou, L.Q.++, X.D. Song*, R.L. Weaver, Retrieval of Amplitude and Attenuation from Ambient Seismic Noise: Synthetic Data and Practical Considerations, Geophys. J. Int., in press, 2020.
89. Yang, Y.+ and X.D. Song*, Temporal changes of the inner core from globally distributed repeating earthquakes, J. Geophys. Res., 125, e2019JB018652. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JB018652.
90. Yang, Y.+ and X.D. Song*, Origin of temporal changes of inner-core seismic waves, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., in press, 2020.
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