Course Title: Introduction to Quantum Information Physics

Course Description

Quantum information is a new field of science and technology, which involves multidisciplinary subjects including physical science, mathematics, computer science, and engineering. Its aim is to investigate the following question: What happens if information is stored in a state of a quantum system? In quantum mechanics, quantum information is physical information that is held in the "state" of a quantum system. The theory of quantum information is a result of the effort to generalize classical information theory to the quantum world. Quantum mechanics can be employed to perform important and otherwise intractable information-processing tasks. Quantum effects such as quantum entanglement have already been used to create fundamentally unbreakable cryptographic codes, to teleport the full quantum state of a photon, and to compute certain functions in considerably fewer steps than any classical computer can ever do.

As a result of the capabilities of quantum information, the science of quantum information processing is now a prospering, interdisciplinary field focused on better understanding the possibilities and limitations of the underlying theory, on developing new applications of quantum information and on physically implementing controllable quantum devices. The 2012 Nobel Prize in physics has been awarded for inventing methods to observe the novel properties of the quantum world, research that has led to the construction of extremely precise clocks and helped scientists take the first steps toward building superfast computers.

The lectures will be consisted of seven chapters:　 　

　　　　　　

Chapter I: The basic ideas of quantum information & the principles of quantum mechanics

1.1. Physics of information

1.2. Quantum information

1.3. Basic principles of quantum mechanics　　　　

Chapter II: Quantum correlations – resource of quantum tasks

2.1. Einstein-Rosen-Podolsky (EPR) paradox

2.2. The paradox of Schrodinger’s cat

2.3. Entangled states

2.4. Bell’s hypothetical experiment

2.5. Clauser, Aspect, Zeilinger experiments

2.6. GHZ “ all or nothing” multiparty nonlocality

2.7. Squeezing

Chapter III: Quantum entanglement and its formalism

3.1. Entanglement measures

3.2. Pure state: Entropy of entanglement

3.3. Mixed states: Entanglement of formation

3.4. More experimental criteria

Chapter IV: Quantum cryptography and Quantum teleportation

4.1. Quantum dense coding and quantum teleportation

4.2. Quantum Cryptography

4.3. Quantum metrology

4.4. Quantum computing

4.5. Free space

Chapter V: Elegant experiments on quantum control

5.1. Multi-photons entanglement

5.2. Squeezing and entanglement in BEC systems

5.3.Physical realization of entanglement in ion traps, optomechanics, optical lattice, and other

Chapter VI: The frontiers of quantum information